علوم القرآن کا آغاز و ارتقاء: ایک تحقیقی و تاریخی جائزہ

The Beginning and Evolution of Quranic Sciences: A Research and Historical Review

Abstract

This study explores the introduction, significance, and excellence of the Holy Qur’an alongside the origins and development of ‘Uloom al-Qur’an (Qur’anic sciences). It begins with the linguistic and terminological definitions of the Qur’an, highlighting its divine nature as the eternal word of Allah revealed to Prophet Muhammad ﷺ. The research then discusses the Qur’an’s various names, attributes, and phases of revelation, emphasizing its preservation and divine protection. Special focus is given to the gradual revelation process, the Makkan and Madinan periods, and the subsequent compilation efforts during the eras of the Rightly Guided Caliphs. The second part introduces the field of ‘Uloom al-Qur’an, covering key disciplines such as tajwīd, asbāb al-nuzūl, makki and madani surahs, nāsikh and mansūkh, and i‘jāz al-Qur’an. These sciences provide essential tools for understanding the Qur’an’s meanings, context, and application. The research further traces the historical development of Qur’anic sciences from the early Islamic centuries through the medieval era to the modern period, with particular attention to contributions from scholars of the Indian subcontinent. In conclusion, the study highlights that understanding the Qur’an requires both reverence and scholarly engagement with its sciences. Such knowledge enables Muslims to respond to misconceptions, strengthen faith, and apply Qur’anic guidance in contemporary life.